@Hellfire: Actually, I'm surprised that you feel that 8 Harpoons wouldn't be
enough to take out even a battle ship. There's no real world example of
what damage a ship-killer missle would do to something like a modern cruiser or carrier, but I would think that modern high yield explosives would
reduce the advantages of heavy armor. Not to mention, the crew could probably adjust the flight profile of the Harpoon to take advantage of the
thinner deck armor. I don't know if the Harpoon has an AP warhead, or if it
relies on a shaped charge to penetrate the hull, but I don't think they'd just
shrug off an attack. Admittedly, I don't think modern Navies have been too concerned about heavily armoring their ships, so missles don't need really big warheads. As far as I know, that was because with guided missles, you couldn't really armor a ship satisfactorially
against them, without sacrificing speed, and prohibitive cost.
The modern 5-inch is quite a different beast from what it was in WWII as well, especially with modern computerised radar fire control. I would grant
that it would take quite a few hits to put a dent into a battleship, but the Aegis could certainly manuever much better for less loss of accuracy.
Okay, I don't mean to go off on a tear here.
There is a Alt-History series being written though, that deals with a similar scenario. "Weapons of Choice" by John Birmingham.
An accident with wormhole testing throws a 21st century Multi-Nation Task Force back into a version of WWII 1942, right in the middle of the US Naval Task Force racing to reinforce Midway. Things do not go well.... No more said here, to prevent spoilers. There _is_ a Japanese ship in the 21st. Century group, I will add.